Imaging apparatus

ABSTRACT

An imaging apparatus includes: an image comparing unit that compares a shot image shot by a photographer with a sample image selected by the photographer; an operation comparing unit that compares an operation performed when the shot image was shot with an operation performed when the sample image was shot; and an advising unit that gives the photographer advice on an image shooting method to make the shot image close to the sample image according to comparison results provided by the image comparing unit and the operation comparing unit.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of theprior Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-18806, filed on Feb. 2, 2015,the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus that allows a userto shoot an image that is close to a desired sample.

2. Description of the Related Art

The quality of a shot image of an object largely depends on settings forimage shooting, actions for image shooting, or an image shooting deviceto be used. However, it is difficult for beginners to figure out whatdevice should be used or what condition is preferable to shoot an imageof an object.

For example, the quality of a shot image may depend on the combinationof an image shooting device and various parameter values thereof (e.g.,ISO sensitivity, compressibility, presence/absence of flash, andluminance value). However, it is difficult for a beginner to choose aproper device, including an accessory, and to adjust each parameter soas to achieve a desired image quality.

In shooting an image, image-shooting composition is an important factor,but a great deal of experience is required to adequately use, hold, andgrasp a device, to determine a posture at which an image is shot, and toset the angle of view to suit a subject or the situation. Patentdocument 1 (Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2014-17865)proposes as one solution an imaging apparatus that gives advice on aposture at which an image is shot so that even a beginner can set aproper image-shooting composition.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

As described in patent document 1, when an ideal example (sample) imageshot by a professional photographer is presented, a user may becomeeager to shoot a similar such image. However, an ideal example image isdifferent from an actual subject and background that a photographer maybe attempting to photograph, and the photographer will not necessarilybe using an image shooting device that is identical with the device usedto shoot the ideal example image. When a beginner wishes to shoot animage close to an ideal example image, she/he does not know, in manycases, how to shoot such an image. To solve this problem, it isnecessary to provide, in accordance with each individual situation,specific advice that is not limited to simple advice on parametersettings for shooting an image close to an ideal example image.

In view of the problem described above, an object of the invention is toprovide an imaging apparatus that provides total support for imageshooting so that an image close to an ideal example image can be shot.

To attain the object above, an imaging apparatus that includes at leastan imaging unit, an operation unit, and a display unit for displaying animage includes: a display controlling unit that controls an image to bedisplayed on the display unit; an image comparing unit that compares ashot image shot by a photographer with a sample image selected by thephotographer; an operation comparing unit that compares an operationperformed when the shot image was shot with an operation performed whenthe sample image was shot; and an advising unit that gives thephotographer advice on an image shooting method to make the shot imageclose to the sample image according to comparison results provided bythe image comparing unit and the operation comparing unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a hardware configuration diagram of an imaging apparatus inaccordance with a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram related to an advising process inaccordance with the first embodiment;

FIG. 3A is a flowchart 1 illustrating a procedure for an advicedisplaying process;

FIG. 3B is a flowchart 2 illustrating a procedure for an advicedisplaying process;

FIG. 4 depicts a subroutine illustrating a procedure for displaying ofadvice;

FIG. 5 depicts a subroutine illustrating a procedure for providingdeblurring advice;

FIG. 6 is an exemplary screen displayed in step S22;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary screen on which a special effect isdisplayed as advice;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a special advice display screen; and

FIG. 9A is a system diagram illustrating a configuration in accordancewith a second embodiment.

FIG. 9B is a system diagram illustrating a configuration in accordancewith a second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following will describe embodiments of the invention with referenceto the drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a hardware configuration diagram of an imaging apparatus 10 inaccordance with a first embodiment of the invention. The imagingapparatus 10, which is also called a digital camera, is capable ofshooting both moving images and still images.

The imaging apparatus 10 includes: an imaging unit 20 that converts asubject image into image data and outputs the image data; an imageprocessing unit 30 that applies processing such as AWB (Auto WhiteBalance) to the image data; a CPU 40 that comprehensively controls theentirety of the imaging apparatus 10; a storage unit 60 that stores, forexample, shot image data and a sample image (this will be describedhereinafter) in a nonvolatile manner; a RAM 70 that temporarily storesimage data and a program; a display unit 75 that displays a shot imageand various types of information; and an operation unit 80 to which asetting and condition for the imaging apparatus 10 are input.

An image output to check composition during an image shooting mode willhereinafter be referred to as a live view image (LV image), and an imageshot and saved in the storage unit 60 will hereinafter be referred to asa shooting-completed image so as to clarify a difference between theseimages. Live view images and shooting-completed images may hereinafterbe collectively referred to as shot images.

The imaging unit 20 includes: an optical system 22 that forms a subjectimage; and a preprocessing unit 24 that includes an imaging element toperform photoelectric conversion of a formed optical image, and thatperforms AD (Analog-to-digital) conversion and/or AGC (Automatic GainControl) of an image signal from the imaging element. The storage unit60 stores, together with image data, a control program 62 to be executedby the CPU 40. The operation unit 80 includes a release button forgiving an instruction to shoot an image and a dial for setting imageshooting conditions or includes a button for adjusting a zoom ratio.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram related to an advice displayingprocess achieved by the imaging apparatus 10. A control unit 40 a is afunctional unit achieved by the CPU 40 that has read the control program62. The imaging apparatus 10 is provided with a motion detecting unit 90and a motion storage unit 92.

The motion detecting unit 90 includes an acceleration sensor and detectsthe motion of the imaging apparatus 10 according to an output from theacceleration sensor. The motion detecting unit 90 may use a blurringdetection sensor. Motion information output from the motion detectingunit 90 is successively stored in the motion storage unit 92. The motionstorage unit 92 may be a portion of the RAM 70. The postures and motionsof the imaging apparatus 10 that are made during a predetermined timeperiod (e.g., 5 seconds) are stored in the motion storage unit 92.

The storage unit 60 is a memory that stores data in a nonvolatilemanner, e.g., a HDD or a flash memory. In addition to the controlprogram 62 described above, the storage unit 60 stores various pieces ofdata such as shot image information 64, sample image information 66,sample auxiliary information 67, and advice information 68. Shot imageinformation 64 is data on a shooting-completed image and is alsoinformation on a shot image recorded by the control unit 40 a.

Sample image information 66 is data on a sample image shot and recordedin advance. A sample image is an image presented to a photographer as anideal example and will also be hereinafter referred to as an idealexample image. A sample image may be an image shot by a professionalcameraman; alternatively, it may be an image shot by an amateurcameraman and obtained over a network, or may be an image shot andregistered as a sample image by a user herself/himself.

Sample auxiliary information 67 includes various pieces of data such asdevice record information 67 a, setting record information 67 b, andmotion recording information 67 c. Device record information 67 a isinformation that records an imaging apparatus used to shoot a sampleimage. Setting record information is information that records a settingoperation performed on the imaging apparatus when a sample image wasshot. Motion record information 67 c is information that records amotion of the imaging apparatus made when a sample image was shot.

Advice information 68 is information on a specific image shooting methodthat is used to make a shot image close to a sample image. Adviceinformation 68 includes, for example, “increase sensitivity”, “getcloser”, “move fast”, “set high-speed shutter”, and “change device”.

The control unit 40 a includes, as functional units, a record controlunit 42, an image treating unit 44, a display control unit 46, animage-shooting control unit 48, an image characteristics judging unit50, an image comparing unit 51, a device detecting unit 52, a functionallimit judging unit 53, a function comparing unit 54, a setting detectingunit 55, an operation judging unit 56, an operation comparing unit 57,and an advice selecting unit 58.

The record control unit 42 performs control such that image data outputfrom the image processing unit 30 is recorded in the storage unit 60 asa shooting-completed image (saved image). The image treating unit 44treats a shot image (a live view image or shooting-completed image)according to an instruction from a photographer made using the operationunit 80. In particular, the image treating unit 44 performs specialeffect processing and/or special shooting. The display control unit 46displays, on the display unit 75, a processed or treated live view imageor shooting-completed image, image shooting information or an imageshooting menu, and the like.

The image-shooting control unit 48 controls image shooting conditions(e.g., image shooting mode, image-shooting start instruction, zoomratio, sensitivity setting, and image quality setting) according to asetting of the operation unit 80. The image-shooting control unit 48also controls an AE (Automatic Exposure) unit and an AF (AutomaticFocus) unit, neither of which is illustrated.

The image characteristics judging unit 50 judges “shot-imagecharacteristics”. The “shot-image characteristics” include the type of asubject (e.g., child, male, female, animal, flower, and building), thedistance, luminance, and hue of a main subject, the composition of themain subject, the luminance, hue, and resolution of a background, andthe like. The image characteristics judging unit 50 judgescharacteristics of an image using image data output from the imagingunit 20, but may judge characteristics of an image using an imageprocessed by the image processing unit 30. In addition, the imagecharacteristics judging unit 50 may judge characteristics of the imageusing a shooting-completed image, rather than a live view image.

The image comparing unit 51 compares “image characteristics” of a sampleimage selected by a photographer with “shot-image characteristics”. Inparticular, the image comparing unit 51 compares “shot-imagecharacteristics” judged by the image characteristics judging unit 50with image characteristics of sample image information 66 so as todetermine whether the category of the image of a subject is identicalwith that of the sample image and whether the color tone and luminanceof the subject is equivalent to those of the sample image.

The device detecting unit 52 detects the types of a flash andinterchangeable lens mounted on the imaging apparatus 10. The functionallimit judging unit 53 judges limits of functions of the imagingapparatus 10 (shutter speed, range of a diaphragm, and brightness of alens) according to device information detected by the device detectingunit 52.

The function comparing unit 54 compares a function of the imagingapparatus 10 with a function of an imaging apparatus used to shoot asample image. The function comparing unit 54 compares a judgement resultprovided by the functional limit judging unit 53 with device recordinformation 67 a.

The setting detecting unit 55 detects, for example, an image shootingcondition set for the imaging apparatus 10. The setting detecting unit55 detects various settings according to settings input to the operationunit 80. The operation judging unit 56 judges an “operation performedduring image shooting” of a shot image according to the motion storageunit 92 and the setting detecting unit 55. In particular, the operationjudging unit 56 judges an “operation performed during image shooting”according to both an “operation for making settings of imaging apparatus(hereinafter referred to as “setting operation”)” performed by theoperation unit 80 and a “motion made during image shooting” of theimaging apparatus.

The “operation for making settings of imaging apparatus (settingoperation)” is an operation related to the setting of image shootingconditions (e.g., image shooting mode, image-shooting start instruction,zoom ratio, sensitivity setting, and image quality setting). The “motionmade during image shooting” of the imaging apparatus means, for example,the way the imaging apparatus is held (e.g., upward, downward) and theway the imaging apparatus is moved (the speed and direction of panning).The way the imaging apparatus is moved is important in, in particular,performing panoramic shooting and panning shooting.

The way the imaging apparatus is held or moved is judged using motioninformation output from the motion detecting unit 90. The operationjudging unit 56 may judge an “operation performed during image shooting”using only one of “setting operation” or “motion made during imageshooting”. When, for example, a shot image for which an “operationperformed during image shooting” has been obtained is not affected, theoperation judging unit 56 may make a judgement using the “settingoperation” alone.

The operation comparing unit 57 compares the “operation performed duringimage shooting” of the imaging apparatus 10 that has been judged by theoperation judging unit 56 with the setting record information 67 b andmotion record information 67 c of a sample image. In particular, theoperation comparing unit 57 contrasts the “setting operation” performedon the imaging apparatus 10 with setting record information 67 b, andcontrasts the “motion made during image shooting” of the imagingapparatus 10 with motion record information 67 c.

According to each of the results of the comparing performed by the imagecomparing unit 51, the function comparing unit 54, and the operationcomparing unit 57, the advice selecting unit 58 selects and determines,from among advice information 68 within the storage unit 60, advicerelated to an image shooting method recommended to make the shot imageclose to the sample image.

The display control unit 46 displays the selected and determined adviceinformation on the display unit 75. The advice selecting unit 58 mayalso be referred to as an advice unit. The advice selecting unit 58 maygenerate advice to be displayed, by combining or arranging a pluralityof pieces of advice information.

As described above, comparing image information obtained by the imagingunit with a sample image, comparing features of two images, judging asimilarity and a difference, and giving advice such that a user performsan operation to decrease the difference would allow the user to obtain,observe, and shoot an image that is close to a sample image (an imageclose to an image desired by the user). To give more proper advice,conditions different from the image conditions described above also needto be considered in addition to the comparison between a current imageand a sample image. The following describes the conditions differentfrom the image conditions described above.

First, consideration is given to the result of the comparing of devicefunctions that is provided by the function comparing unit 54. An imageis limited by the functions and capability of a device, a cooperativedevice, an accessory, or the like. Accordingly, the function comparingunit 54 compares a device in use (function and performance limit) with adevice for a sample image by detecting an image shooting device.

Second, consideration is given to the result of comparing of “settingoperations” that is provided by the operation comparing unit 57. Inparticular, consideration is given to the result of the comparing ofvarious parameters of the imaging apparatus 10 and various parameters ofan imaging device used for the sample image (setting record information67 b of sample auxiliary information 67).

Third, consideration is given to the result of the comparing of “motionsmade during image shooting” that is provided by the operation comparingunit 57. Simply setting the same parameters as those for the sampleimage, simply using the same device or cooperative apparatus such as anaccessory as that for the sample image, or simply using the same systemas that used for the sample image does not necessarily allow an imagesimilar to the sample image to be shot. Some observations and imageshooting operations can be performed finally after the imagingapparatus, an apparatus, and a cooperative device are properly operated.In such image shooting operations, motion information of the imagingapparatus 10 needs to be checked against motion record information 67 cincluded in sample auxiliary information 67.

Performing, as described above, the comparing of operations such as“setting operations” and “motion made during image shooting” in additionto the comparing of images performed by the image comparing unit 51enables the advice selecting unit 58 to increase the accuracy of advice.According to sample auxiliary information 67, i.e., information onoperations performed when a sample image was shot, an imaging apparatusmay be used that gives advice by comparing operations and operationprocesses for shooting the sample image with those for shooting a shotimage, so that image shooting and observation can be enjoyed by sharingthe know-how to capture (shoot) images.

The advice selecting unit 58 does not necessarily need to determineadvice according to all of the following items: image comparison,functional comparison, and operation comparison (setting operations ormotions made during image shooting). The advice selecting unit 58 maychoose an item to be compared as appropriate. For example, the adviceselecting unit 58 may select advice according to only the imagecomparison and the functional comparison, or may select advice accordingto individual sample images.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are flowcharts 1 and 2 each illustrating a procedure foran advice displaying process. The advice displaying process is mainlyperformed by the control unit 40 a. First, the functional limit judgingunit 53 of the control unit 40 a determines, as device states of theimaging apparatus 10, a mounted accessory and a functional limit usingthe device detecting unit 52 (step S10).

The accessory is an illumination flash or is a mounted interchangeablelens in the case of the imaging apparatus 10 being a lensinterchangeable camera. The functional limit may be the variable rangesof the diaphragm, shutter speed, and ISO sensitivity of the imagingapparatus 10, or may be the type of installed special shooting orspecial effect.

The control unit 40 a determines whether an operation mode of theimaging apparatus 10 is an viewing mode (step S12). The operation modeof the imaging apparatus 10 may be switched using a mode button includedin the operation unit 80. In addition to the viewing mode, the operationmode includes an image shooting mode, a reproduction mode, acommunication mode, and the like.

When the control unit 40 a determines that the operation mode of theimaging apparatus 10 is not the viewing mode, e.g., determines that themode is the image shooting mode (No in step S12), the control unit 40 astarts the image shooting mode and displays a live view (LV) image onthe display unit 75 (step S14). When the control unit 40 a determinesthat the mode of the imaging apparatus 10 is the viewing mode (Yes instep S12), the flow shifts to the processes in FIG. 3B. Details of theviewing mode will be described hereinafter.

While the live view image is being displayed, the control unit 40 adetects the motion (camerawork) of a photographer using the motiondetecting unit 90, and records motion data in the motion storage unit 92(step S16). While the live view image is being displayed, the controlunit 40 a also records the motion of, and a change in, a subject inpredetermined areas within the storage unit 60 and/or the RAM 70 (stepS18).

While the live view image is being displayed, the control unit 40 adetermines whether to display advice (step S20). The user chooses byherself/himself whether to display advice. Aside from the user's choice,advice may be automatically displayed in accordance with the situation.Advice may be displayed in the case of, for example, “panning shooting”,which depends on the method of moving the imaging apparatus 10 duringimage shooting. Alternatively, advice may be displayed when the imagingapparatus 10 is used for the first time. When the user wants advice tobe displayed, she/he presses an advice display button. The advicedisplay button, which is not illustrated, is included in the operationunit 80.

When the control unit 40 a determines that advice is to be displayed(Yes in step S20), the control unit 40 a displays a sample image (stepS22).

The control unit 40 a reads sample image information 66 from the storageunit 60 and displays it on the display unit 75. The control unit 40 amay randomly select and display a sample image from among the sampleimage information 66 in the storage unit 60, or may preferentiallydisplay a sample image used in the past. The control unit 40 a may causethe image characteristics judging unit 50 to judge the type of a subjectin the live view image, and may select, according to sample auxiliaryinformation 67, a sample image with a subject of a type associated withthe type of the subject (e.g., a dog) in the live view image, so as topreferentially display such a sample image.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary screen displayed on the display unit 75 in stepS22. A live view image L, which is large in size, is displayed at thecentre of the screen, and three sample images (SP1, SP2, and SP3) arehorizontally arranged below the live view image L. If the photographerdoes not find a desirable sample image, she/he can sequentially switchsample images. The photographer may call up a desirable sample imageregistered in advance.

When the photographer watches the screen of the display unit 75 andfinds a sample image that she/he wants to use as an ideal example, thenshe/he selects this sample image. The control unit 40 a determineswhether the photographer has selected a sample image (step S24). Whenthe photographer ceases the selecting of a sample image (No in stepS24), the control unit 40 a shifts to step S30.

When the control unit 40 a determines that a sample image has beenselected (Yes in step S24), the image comparing unit 51, the functioncomparing unit 54, and the operation comparing unit 57 each compare theselected sample image with the live view image (step S26).

The image comparing unit 51 compares “image characteristics” of theselected sample image with “image characteristics” of the live viewimage. The image comparing unit 51 obtains the “image characteristics”of the live view image from the image characteristics judging unit 50.The image comparing unit 51 extracts the “image characteristics” of theselected sample image from sample image information 66 and compares theextracted “image characteristics” with the “image characteristics” ofthe live view image.

The function comparing unit 54 compares a device used for the selectedsample image and a device used for the live view image. The functioncomparing unit 54 obtains device information of the imaging apparatus 10according to a judgement result provided by the functional limit judgingunit 53. The function comparing unit 54 reads information on the deviceused to shoot the selected sample image from device record information67 a of sample auxiliary information 67, and compares the readinformation with the obtained device information of the imagingapparatus 10.

The operation comparing unit 57 compares an “operation performed duringimage shooting” of the selected sample image with an “operationperformed during image shooting” of the live view image. As describedabove, the “operation performed during image shooting” refers to an“operation for making settings (setting operation)” of the imagingapparatus 10 and a “motion made during image shooting” of the imagingapparatus 10.

According to the motion storage unit 92 and the setting detecting unit55, the operation judging unit 56 judges the “operation performed duringimage shooting” of the shot image; the operation comparing unit 57obtains the “operation performed during image shooting” of the live viewimage according to a judgement result provided by the operation judgingunit 56. The operation comparing unit 57 reads a “setting operation” anda “motion made during image shooting” from the setting recordinformation 67 b and motion record information 67 c of sample auxiliaryinformation 67, and compares the “operation performed during imageshooting” of the selected sample image with the “operation performedduring image shooting” of the obtained live view image. The control unit40 a displays advice based on the results of the respective comparisonsof the characteristics of the images, the devices, and the operationsperformed during image shooting (step S28).

FIG. 4 depicts a subroutine for displaying of advice according to acomparison result. The control unit 40 a determines whether a currentsituation is a “prestart” (step S80). “Prestart” refers to a situationin which the imaging apparatus 10 is not set to the image shooting modeor the viewing mode. When the control unit 40 a determines that thecurrent situation is “prestart” (Yes in step S80), the control unit 40 adisplays advice specific to a sample image (step S82). After step S82,the flow returns to the original flowchart. In the case of a sampleimage that is a portrait, the advice specific to a sample image isadvice such as “don't use flash”, “blur background”, or “change theorientation of the face a little”.

When the control unit 40 a determines that the current situation is“post-start” (No in step S80), the control unit 40 a compares the sampleimage with the shot image, judges differences between these imagesaccording to the result of the comparing, and displays advice based onthe differences. The differences include various items, and thefollowing will describe examples of representative differences andcorresponding advice.

According to the comparison result, the operation comparing unit 57determines whether the “motion made during image shooting” included inthe “operation performed during image shooting” of the sample image isdifferent from that of the shot image (step S84). As described above,the “motion made during image shooting” refers to the way the imagingapparatus is moved or to a posture used to shoot an image. The operationcomparing unit 57 makes comparisons according to motion recordinformation 67 c of sample auxiliary information 67 and a resultprovided by the operation judging unit 56.

When the operation comparing unit 57 determines that there is apredetermined difference in “motion made during image shooting” (Yes instep S84), the advice selecting unit 58 displays advice related to“motion made during image shooting” on the display unit 75 according toa difference from the “motion made during image shooting” of the sampleimage (step S86). The advice selecting unit 58 searches for properadvice by referring to advice information 68 and displays the advice.

In, for example, a panning shooting mode, when the panning of a shotimage is slower than that of a sample image, the advice selecting unit58 displays advice to increase the panning speed. When the camera anglefor the shot image (low angle or high angle) is different from that forthe sample image, the advice selecting unit 58 displays the difference.

When the advice selecting unit 58 determines that there is not apredetermined difference in “motion made during image shooting” (No instep S84), the flow shifts to step S88.

Next, the image comparing unit 51 compares characteristics of the sampleimage with those of the shot image so as to determine whether thecategory of the sample image is identical with that of the shot image(step S88). A category may be the type of image shooting such as aportrait or a scenic shot, or may be the specific type of a subject suchas a child or dog. When the image comparing unit 51 determines thattheir categories are identical with each other (Yes in step S88), theimage comparing unit 51 determines whether there is a difference inposition, orientation, or size of a main subject displayed on the screen(step S90).

When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is a differencein position, orientation, or size of a main subject displayed on thescreen (Yes in step S90), the advice selecting unit 58 gives advice on,for example, optical zooming (step S92). When the proportion of an areaof the screen occupied by the subject of the shot image is lower thanthat of an area of the screen occupied by the subject of the sampleimage, the advice selecting unit 58 gives advice for a zoom ininstruction; otherwise, the advice selecting unit 58 displays advice fora zoom out instruction.

When the image comparing unit 51 determines that the categories are notidentical with each other (No in step S88), the flow shifts to step S94.This is because it makes no sense to conform the position and size ofthe subject of the shot image to those of the subject of the sampleimage when the categories of the subjects are different from each other.When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is no differencein position, orientation, or size (No in step S90), the flow shifts tostep S94. After the process of step S92 is performed, the flow may shiftto step S94.

The image comparing unit 51 determines whether there is a difference inbackground blurring between the sample image and the shot image (stepS94). According to sample image information 66 and the result of thejudgment made by the image characteristics judging unit 50, the imagecomparing unit 51 makes a determination as to a difference in backgroundblurring.

When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is a differencein background blurring between the sample image and the shot image (Yesin step S94), the advice selecting unit 58 gives deblurring advice (stepS96).

FIG. 5 depicts a subroutine illustrating a procedure for providingdeblurring advice. The function comparing unit 54 determines whether thecurrent imaging apparatus 10 includes a function similar to a functionused to shoot a sample image (step S110). That is, the functioncomparing unit 54 determines whether parameters of the imaging apparatus10 required for deblurring (in particular, the focal length, diaphragm,and shutter speed of a lens) can be set to values equal to the valuesused to shoot the sample image. The mounted accessory and the functionallimit, both of which are judged in step S10 as the device states of thecurrent imaging apparatus 10 by the functional limit judging unit 53,are used. By referring to the result of the judgment made by thefunctional limit judging unit 53 and device record information 67 a ofsample auxiliary information 67, the function comparing unit 54 comparesthe “functions” for the sample image with the “functions” for the shotimage.

When the function comparing unit 54 determines that there are sufficientfunctions and that operations similar to those performed for the sampleimage can be performed (Yes in step S110), the advice selecting unit 58refers to advice information 68 and selects advice for the operationssimilar to those performed for the sample image, and the control unit 40a displays the selected advice on the display unit 75 (step S112). When,for example, an F value is brighter than the F value for the sampleimage, the advice selecting unit 58 gives advice to decrease the Fvalue.

When the function comparing unit 54 determines that there are nofunctions similar to those for the sample image (No in step S110), theoperation comparing unit 57 determines whether the photographer can drawcloser to a subject (step S114). This is because, when the backgroundblurring of the shot image is less than that of the sample image, unlessthe current distance between the subject and the photographer is theshortest possible, she/he can increase the blurring of the background byshooting an image at a position closer to the subject.

When the operation comparing unit 57 determines that the photographercan draw closer to the subject (Yes in step S114), the advice selectingunit 58 selects advice to draw closer to the subject from adviceinformation 68, and the control unit 40 a displays the selected adviceon the display unit 75 (step S116).

When the operation comparing unit 57 determines according to the valueof a current image shooting distance that the photographer cannot drawcloser to the subject (No in step S114), the advice selecting unit 58selects, for example, advice for image treatment from advice information68, and the control unit 40 a displays the advice on the display unit 75(step S118). The image treatment is, for example, a process ofsynthesizing one image by patching images of a main subject andbackground that are separately shot. The image treatment is performed bythe image treating unit 44.

The control unit 40 a displays an image obtained by treating a live viewimage on the display unit 75 as a work example together with the liveview image (step S120). The image treating unit 44 creates, as the workexample, a composite image from the live view image.

The control unit 40 a determines whether the photographer, who saw thetreatment-based work example, has entered “OK” (step S122). When thecontrol unit 40 a determines that the photographer has entered “OK” (Yesin step S122), the control unit 40 a displays the image treated by theimage treating unit 44 on the display unit 75 as a live view image (stepS126).

When the control unit 40 a determines that the photographer has notentered “OK” (No in step S122), the advice selecting unit 58 introducesa recommended device (step S124). This is because blurring largelydepends on a lens and an f number, and there are limitations to imagetreatments and adjustments for the setting of image shooting conditions.After the processes of steps S116, S124, and S126 are performed, theflow shifts to step S98 in FIG. 4.

In the following, descriptions will be given by referring to FIG. 4again. When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is nodifference in background blurring between the sample image and the shotimage (No in step S94), the flow shifts to step S98. The image comparingunit 51 determines whether there is a difference in color tone and imageprocessing between the sample image and the shot image (step S98).

When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is a differencein color tone or image processing (Yes in step S98), the adviceselecting unit 58 selects advice on a proper setting operation (stepS100), and the selected advice is displayed. In addition, after allordinary difference adjustments such as setting operations and deviceoperations are performed, the advice selecting unit 58 compares theimages so as to determine whether there is a difference (step S102).

After all of the ordinary difference adjustments such as settingoperations and device operations are performed, when the adviceselecting unit 58 determines that a difference still remains through thecomparing of the images (Yes in step S102), the control unit 40 adetermines whether replacement means is present (step S104).

The replacement means refers to using a special effect and/or specialshooting installed on the imaging apparatus 10. This is because thecolor tone and the appearance of the screen may be changed using thespecial effect and/or the special shooting. The special effect is, forexample, soft focus processing or contrast enhancement processing. Thespecial shooting is, for example, image shooting wherein a plurality ofimages each resulting from a different point of focus are synthesized soas to generate a sharp image on the entirety of the screen.

If the photographer has never used the special effect or the specialshooting, using them will provide a good opportunity for thephotographer to reproduce a color tone and atmosphere equivalent tothose for the sample image, and hence advice may be actively given. Thecontrol unit 40 a may save in the storage unit 60 the history ofoperations on the imaging apparatus 10 so that the operation history canbe referred to.

When the control unit 40 a determines that replacement means is present(Yes in step S104), the advice selecting unit 58 refers to adviceinformation 68 so as to select, as advice, the type and item of aspecial effect or special shooting, if any, that is capable ofreproducing a color tone and atmosphere equivalent to those for thesample image (step S106).

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary screen on which the advice of step S102is displayed. Advice AD1, “SOLUTION WITH REPLACEMENT MEANS”, isdisplayed on the screen together with a live view image L and a sampleimage SP4. AD2 is a button to cause “REPLACEMENT” to be performed. Inresponse to the photographer touching AD2, an image obtained by applyinga predetermined special effect to the live view image L or an imageobtained through special shooting is displayed.

When the image comparing unit 51 determines that there is no differencein color tone or image processing (No in step S98), when a judgement ofNo is made in step S102, or when the control unit 40 a determines thatreplacement means is not present (No in step S104), the flow shifts tostep S108.

In the flowchart of FIG. 4, an instruction to execute replacement meansis given at an end of the flow. However, settings may be made such thatreplacement means is executed before an image is shot, and the specialeffect may be operated simultaneously with ordinary setting operations.For example, an arrangement may be made such that, in a case wherebackground blurring identical with that of the sample image cannot beachieved due to a difference in an image shooting device, when thediaphragm reaches an open-side maximum value and then a diaphragmselection button is operated in a direction in which the diaphragmopens, a blurring effect mode of the special effect (e.g., soft focusprocessing) is set. This may enhance background blurring through acontinuous operation.

The advice selecting unit 58 searches for an item with a largedifference from the sample image and selects advice for the item. Thecontrol unit 40 a preferentially displays the advice for the item with alarge difference (step S108).

With reference to steps S80-S102 described above, descriptions have beengiven of advice for representative items of “motion made during imageshooting”, “category”, “background blurring”, and “color tone/imageprocessing”, but advice may be given for other items. However,displaying advice for every item with a difference may create acomplicated situation that goes against the user's intentions. Givingadvice preferentially for an item with a large difference as in stepS108 may efficiently make a shot image close to a sample image.Alternatively, advice may be given for only a predetermined number ofitems (e.g., 2 items) ordered so that the item with the largestdifference comes first.

Descriptions will be given by referring to FIG. 3A again. When thecontrol unit 40 a determines that the advice display button has not beenpressed (No in step S20), the flow shifts to step S30. The control unit40 a determines whether the photographer has performed some sort ofoperation using the operation unit 80 (step S30). When the control unit40 a determines that some sort of operation has been performed (Yes instep S30), the image-shooting control unit 48 changes, for example, aparameter according to the operation (step S32). When the control unit40 a determines that no sort of operation has been performed (No in stepS30), the flow shifts to step S34.

The control unit 40 a determines whether an image shooting instructionhas been given using the release button included in the operation unit80 (step S34). When the control unit 40 a determines that an imageshooting instruction has not been given (No in step S34), the flowshifts to step S42.

When the control unit 40 a determines that an image shooting instructionhas been given (Yes in step S34), the control unit 40 a performs animage shooting process (step S36). The record control unit 42 records ashot image and relevant information in the storage unit 60 (step S38).The relevant information is, for example, the type of an image shootingdevice, setting operations (image shooting conditions), and motions madeduring image shooting (the way the imaging apparatus is held or moved).The control unit 40 a records, as the “motions made during imageshooting”, the information recorded in the motion storage unit 92 instep S16. The shot image and the relevant information are recorded inthe storage unit 60 as shot image information 64.

The advice selecting unit 58 displays advice information on an as-neededbasis or according to an instruction (step S40). For example, adviceinformation may be displayed when the process of displaying the adviceof step S28 is performed by selecting a sample image before imageshooting is performed. As an example, when panning shooting is performedusing a sample image, the way the apparatus is moved to perform thepanning shooting, i.e., the actually performed image shooting, iscompared with the way the apparatus would be moved to shoot the sampleimage, so as to display advice. When image shooting is performed withoutdisplaying advice, the control unit 40 a does not need to displayadvice.

The control unit 40 a determines whether the apparatus has been put in astandby state when the operation unit 80 is not operated for apredetermined period of time (step S42). When the control unit 40 adetermines that the apparatus has not been put in the standby state (Noin step S42), the flow returns to step S12. When the control unit 40 adetermines that the imaging apparatus 10 has been put in the standbystate (Yes in step S42), the imaging apparatus 10 shifts to a powersaving mode (step S44).

Descriptions start with step S12 again. When the control unit 40 adetermines that the imaging apparatus 10 is in the viewing mode (Yes instep S12), the flow shifts to step S50 in FIG. 3B. The viewing mode is amode for displaying advice that corresponds to a shooting-completedimage. This is because learning a technique for making ashooting-completed image close to the sample image is beneficial fornext image shooting.

The control unit 40 a displays a thumbnail image for theshooting-completed image on the display unit 75 (step S50). Thethumbnail image is read from shot image information 64 within thestorage unit 60. The photographer scrolls through shooting-completedimages using the operation unit 80 so as to search for ashooting-completed image to be compared with the sample image. When thephotographer finds an image to be compared, she/he presses a button todesignate the selection of the image.

The control unit 40 a determines whether a shooting-completed image tobe compared with the sample image has been selected (step S52). When thecontrol unit 40 a determines that a shooting-completed image has notbeen selected (No in step S52), the flow shifts to step S66. When thecontrol unit 40 a determines that a shooting-completed image has beenselected (Yes in step S52), the selected image, which is in a thumbnailstate, is enlarged and displayed by the control unit 40 a (step S54).

The control unit 40 a determines whether an advice display instructionhas been given (step S56). When a predetermined button included in theoperation unit 80 is pressed, the control unit 40 a determines that theadvice display instruction has been made. When the control unit 40 adetermines that the advice display instruction has been given (Yes instep S56), the control unit 40 a displays a sample image using sampleimage information 66 (step S58). Instead of the live view image L, theselected shooting-completed image is displayed on the screen asillustrated in FIG. 6. In accordance with an instruction from theoperation unit 80, the control unit 40 a switches a sample image to bedisplayed.

When the control unit 40 a determines that the advice displayinstruction has not been given (No in step S56), the flow shifts to stepS66.

The control unit 40 a determines whether a sample image has beenselected (step S60). When the control unit 40 a determines that a sampleimage has not been selected (No in step S60), the flow shifts to stepS66.

When the control unit 40 a determines that a sample image has beenselected (Yes in step S60), the image comparing unit 51 compares theselected shooting-completed image with the selected sample image (stepS62). The process performed in step S62 is equivalent to that performedin step S26, and descriptions of step S62 are omitted herein.

The advice selecting unit 58 selects advice according to the result ofthe comparison, and the control unit 40 a displays the advice (stepS64). The displaying of advice based on the result of the comparison isthe processes of the subroutines depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5. Thesubroutines depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5 have already been described withreference to step S28.

The control unit 40 a determines whether the photographer has given aninstruction to end the viewing mode (step S66). When the control unit 40a determines that an instruction to end the viewing mode has been given(Yes in step S66), the flow shifts to step S42. When the control unit 40a determines that the photographer has not given an instruction to endthe viewing mode (No in step S66), the control unit 40 a determineswhether the photographer has given a return instruction (step S68). Whenthe control unit 40 a determines that the photographer has not given thereturn instruction (No in step S68), the flow returns to step S60. Whenthe control unit 40 a determines that the photographer has given thereturn instruction (Yes in step S68), the flow returns to step S52.

As described above, the imaging apparatus 10 in accordance with thefirst embodiment selects a sample image to be used as an ideal example,thereby displaying advice as to what change should be made to thecurrent image shooting conditions in order to shoot an image that issimilar to the sample image. Shooting an image in accordance with theadvice allows the user to take a picture that is close to an intended ordesired image. In addition, various image shooting techniques can belearned from sample images.

A sample image also includes information on “motions made during imageshooting (the way the imaging apparatus is held or moved)” which arerequired to shoot the sample image, so that the user can get advice onthe propriety of her/his “motions made during image shooting”. It wouldbe difficult to master such “motions made during image shooting” withouttaking, for example, a photography seminar, but using the imagingapparatus 10 in accordance with the first embodiment allows users tolearn techniques for panning shooting that would be taught in aphotography seminar, i.e., techniques that would be difficult forbeginners to use.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a special advice display screen. FIG. 8depicts an exemplary screen achieved when an endoscope camera that is anexample of the imaging apparatus 10 is inserted into the body. Thesample image is a moving image that is seen when a camera provided at atip of a scope is inserted into the body. A live view image L isdisplayed on a wide area of the screen while a sample image SP5 andadvice AD3 are displayed. As an example, a caution “OPERATION IS TOOFAST” is displayed as advice AD3.

In this case, the operation comparing unit 57 compares the insertionspeed for the current image shooting with the speed of the insertion ofthe scope into the body that is included in motion record information 67c of a sample image, thereby determining whether the insertion speed forthe current image shooting is excessively fast. Then, in response to thedetermination made by the operation comparing unit 57, the adviceselecting unit 58 selects advice such as advice AD3 from adviceinformation 26, thereby displaying the advice as depicted in FIG. 8.

According to the first embodiment described above, the imaging apparatus10 can be provided that provides total support for image shooting sothat the image close to an ideal example image can be shot.

Second Embodiment

A second embodiment is an example in which advice is displayed byobtaining, via a network, a sample image and advice information storedin a server. FIGS. 9A and 9B are a system diagram illustrating aconfiguration in accordance with the second embodiment.

In this example, a camera unit 120 (optical system) and a main body unit200 serve together as an imaging apparatus 100, and the camera unit 120is separated from the main body unit 200. The camera unit 120 and themain body unit 200 constitute the imaging apparatus 100 by communicatingwith each other over, for example, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth®. The main bodyunit may be a smartphone. The main body unit 200 is connected via anetwork 300 to a server 400 in which sample images are saved. The mainbody unit 200 uses a sample image and advice information obtained fromthe server 400 through a communication.

The imaging apparatus 100 consists of the camera unit 120 and the mainbody unit 200. The camera unit 120 includes an imaging unit 130 and acommunication unit 140. As with the imaging unit 20 of the firstembodiment, the imaging unit 130 includes: an optical system that formsa subject image; and a preprocessing unit that includes an imagingelement to perform photoelectric conversion of a formed optical image,and that performs AD conversion and/or AGC of an image signal from theimaging element.

The communication unit 140 wirelessly (over Wi-Fi or Bluetooth®)communicates various types of data with the main body unit 200. Thecommunication unit 140 transmits to the main body unit 200 an image dataafter preprocessing and receives, from the main body unit 200, controlsignals for the imaging unit 130, e.g., a control signal for the imagingelement and an adjustment signal for the zoom and diaphragm of theoptical system.

The hardware configuration of the main body unit 200 is equivalent tothe configuration depicted in FIG. 1 with the imaging unit 20 removedtherefrom, and the description of such a hardware configuration isomitted herein. The main body unit 200 includes an image processing unit230, a control unit 240 a, a storage unit 260, a display unit 275, anoperation unit 280, a motion detecting unit 290, a motion storage unit292, a main body communication unit 294, and an external communicationunit 296.

The image processing unit 230, the display unit 275, the operation unit280, the motion detecting unit 290, and the motion storage unit 292 arefunctional units that are respectively equivalent to the imageprocessing unit 30, display unit 75, operation unit 80, motion detectingunit 90, and motion storage unit 92 of the first embodiment, anddescriptions of such functional units are omitted herein.

The control unit 240 a, which is achieved by an unillustrated CPUaccording to a read control program, comprehensively controls the mainbody unit 200. The control unit 240 a includes a record control unit242, an image treatment unit 244, a display control unit 246, and animage-shooting control unit 248.

The record control unit 242, the image treatment unit 244, the displaycontrol unit 246, and the image-shooting control unit 248 are functionsthat are respectively equivalent to the record control unit 42, imagetreating unit 44, display control unit 46, and image-shooting controlunit 48 of the first embodiment, and descriptions of such functions areomitted herein.

In addition, the control unit 240 a includes an image characteristicsjudging unit 250, an image comparing unit 251, a device detecting unit252, a functional limit judging unit 253, a function comparing unit 254,a setting detecting unit 255, an operation judging unit 256, anoperation comparing unit 257, and an advice selecting unit 258. Theimage characteristics judging unit 250 to the advice selecting unit 258are functions respectively equivalent to the image characteristicsjudging unit 50 to the advice selecting unit 58 of the first embodiment,and descriptions of such functions are omitted herein.

In addition to the control program described above, the storage unit 260stores shot image information 264 recorded by the control unit 240 a.The main body communication unit 294 wirelessly communicates varioustypes of data with the communication unit 140 of the camera unit 120.The external communication unit 296 communicates with the server 400 viathe network 300. In particular, the external communication unit 296transmits to the server 400 a request for sample image information andadvice information, and receives the transmitted sample imageinformation and advice information.

The server 400 includes a communication unit 410 and a storage unit 420.The server 400 may be, for example, a server that manages image postingsites and images of SNSs. The communication unit 410 communicates with aterminal connected to the network 300.

The storage unit 420 stores image data 422, sample image information424, advice information 426, and sample auxiliary information 427. Imagedata 422 is data on a shot image provided or posted by a member. Datafrom among image data 424 that has been authorized by the photographerto be used as a sample image is sample image information 424.

As with sample image information 66 described above, sample imageinformation 424 is data on an image shot in advance and presented to thephotographer as an ideal example. Sample image information 424 includessample auxiliary information 427. As with sample auxiliary information67, sample auxiliary information 427 includes device record information427 a, setting record information 427 b, and motion record information427 c, all of which are obtained when each sample image is shot.

As with advice information 68, advice information 426 is information foradvising the photographer of various image shooting methods to make ashot image close to a sample image.

In the first embodiment described above, sample images and adviceinformation are stored in the imaging apparatus 10, and, when aphotographer gives an advice display instruction (step S20 in FIG. 3Aand step S56 in FIG. 3B), necessary information is read from the imagingapparatus 10 so as to display advice.

By contrast, in the second embodiment, the imaging apparatus obtains asample image and advice information from the server 400 so as to displayadvice. Except for the fact that sample images and advice informationare obtained via a network, the advice displaying process performed bythe imaging apparatus 100 of the second embodiment is the same as theadvice displaying process of the first embodiment. The advice displayingprocess performed by the imaging apparatus 100 of the second embodimentis substantially the same as the advice displaying process of the firstembodiment (FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4-5), and descriptions thereof are omittedherein.

According to the second embodiment described above, the imagingapparatus 100 can be provided that provides total support for imageshooting so that the image close to an ideal example image can be shot.

In addition to the imaging apparatus 100 in accordance with the secondembodiment uses sample images and advice information stored in a server,thereby enabling use of a larger amount of newer information than in thecase of an imaging apparatus having information stored therein.

With reference to the embodiments described above, the control unit 40 a(or 240 a) was described in regard to software processing, but a portionof or the entirety of the control unit 40 a (or 240 a) may consist ofhardware.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-describedembodiments as they are, but may be embodied by deforming constituentswithin a scope not deviating from the gist of the invention at anexecution step. In addition, various inventions can be made byappropriately combining a plurality of constituents that have beendisclosed in the above embodiments. For example, all the constituentsthat have been disclosed in the embodiments may be appropriatelycombined. Further, constituents in different embodiments may beappropriately combined. It should be understood that variousmodifications and applications can be made without departing from thescope and the spirit of the invention.

EXPLANATIONS OF LETTERS OR NUMERALS

-   10, 100 Imaging apparatus-   20, 130 Imaging unit-   30, 230 Image processing unit-   40 CPU-   40 a, 240 a Control unit-   42, 242 Record control unit-   44, 244 Image treatment unit-   46, 246 Display control unit-   48, 248 Image-shooting control unit-   50, 250 Image characteristics judging unit-   51, 251 Image comparing unit-   52, 252 Device detecting unit-   53, 253 Functional limit judging unit-   54, 254 Function comparing unit-   55, 255 Setting detecting unit-   56, 256 Operation judging unit-   57, 257 Operation comparing unit-   58, 258 Advice selecting unit-   60, 420 Storage unit-   64, 264 Shot image information-   66, 426 Sample image information-   67, 427 Sample auxiliary information-   68, 428 Advice information-   70 RAM-   75, 275 Display unit-   80, 280 Operation unit-   90, 290 Motion detecting unit-   92, 292 Motion storage unit-   120 Camera unit-   200 main body unit

What is claimed is:
 1. An imaging apparatus that includes at least animaging unit, an operation unit, and a display unit that displays animage, the imaging apparatus comprising: a display controlling unit thatcontrols an image to be displayed on the display unit; an imagecomparing unit that compares a shot image shot by a photographer with asample image selected by the photographer; an operation comparing unitthat compares an operation performed when the shot image was shot withan operation performed when the sample image was shot; and an advisingunit that gives the photographer advice on an image shooting method tomake the shot image close to the sample image according to comparisonresults provided by the image comparing unit and the operation comparingunit.
 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: afunction comparing unit that compares information indicating acapability of a device used for the shot image or a cooperative deviceoperated in cooperation with the device with information indicating acapability of a device used for the sample image or a cooperative deviceoperated in cooperation with the device, wherein the advice unit furthergives the advice in consideration of a comparison result provided by thefunction comparing unit.
 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the operation comparing unit compares, as the operationperformed when the shot image was shot, at least one of a settingoperation performed on the imaging apparatus or a motion of the imagingapparatus made when the image was shot.
 4. The imaging apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein according to sample auxiliary informationthat includes operation information that is information on an operationperformed when the sample image was shot, the operation comparing unitcompares an operation and operation process for shooting the sampleimage with an operation and operation process for shooting the shotimage.
 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adviceunit selects and determines a piece of recommended advice informationfrom among a plurality of pieces of advice information.
 6. The imagingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein when an operation equivalent toan operation performed for the sample image is incapable of beingperformed during image shooting, the advice unit gives advice onreplacement with a special effect.
 7. The imaging apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the shot image is a live view image orshooting-completed image provided by the imaging apparatus.
 8. Theimaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display control unitfurther displays the sample image on the display unit together with theshot image so as to allow the photographer to select the sample image.9. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the displaycontrol unit displays the advice information on the display unittogether with the shot image and the selected sample image.
 10. Acontrol method to be used for an imaging apparatus that includes atleast an imaging unit, an operation unit, and a display unit thatdisplays an image, the control method comprising: an image comparingstep of comparing a shot image shot by a photographer with a sampleimage selected by the photographer; an operation comparing step ofcomparing an operation performed when the shot image was shot with anoperation performed when the sample image was shot; and an advice stepof giving the photographer advice on an image shooting method to makethe shot image close to the sample image according to comparison resultsfrom the image comparing step and the operation comparing step.
 11. Acomputer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein aprogram for causing a computer to perform a process, the computer beingone for an imaging apparatus that includes at least an imaging unit, anoperation unit, and a display unit that displays an image, the processcomprising: an image comparing step of comparing a shot image shot by aphotographer with a sample image selected by the photographer; anoperation comparing step of comparing an operation performed when theshot image was shot with an operation performed when the sample imagewas shot; and an advice step of giving the photographer advice on animage shooting method to make the shot image close to the sample imageaccording to comparison results from the image comparing step and theoperation comparing step.